蚜虫的生态学特性及其防治

Review on ecological characteristics and control of aphids

本文综述了蚜虫的生态学特性及其防治的研究进展。蚜虫有不全周期、全周期生活史两种不同的生活周期;高强度紫外线会引起其体色遗传分化;最适生长温度为15～30 ℃, 湿度为70%;光照与昆虫的生活习性及行为密切相关, 但目前有关蚜虫对光照反应的相关报道并不多。植物体内次生代谢的产物对蚜虫具有毒杀、驱避、麻醉、抑制生长发育或引诱作用;多功能性转基因植物可有效防治蚜虫。为了深入认知不同蚜虫的生态学特征并对其进行有效防治, 针对不同蚜虫种类的光感特性等理论研究及防治技术的工作亟待开展。

Aphids have two different life cycles-incomplete life cycle and complete life cycle. High intensity ultraviolet lights lead to genetic differentiation of aphids. The living habits and behavior of insects are closely related with lights. The conditions of 15～30 ℃ temperature and 70% humidity were optimal for aphids growth. However, there were fewer reports about the response of aphids to lights to our best knowledge. Plant secondary metabolism had effects of poison, repellent, anesthesia and growth inhibition or attracting on aphids. Multifunctional transgenic plants with these metabolites may effectively control aphids. There were great breadth and depth in researches about biological characteristics, environmental factors and control policy of aphids. However, researches about optical characteristic and control policy of aphids for different hosts should be carried out in the future to extent the knowledge about ecological characteristics of different aphid genotypes and their control policy.