山药茎段的离体培养与育苗基质筛选

Study on in vitro Cultivation Conditions and Cultivating Techniques of Dioscorea opposita

为了给山药的大面积推广应用提供优质幼苗,以山药幼嫩茎段为外植体研究不同消毒时间、芽诱导培养、增殖培养、生根培养和移栽成活的适宜条件。结果表明:1)外植体用75%酒精预处理10s,再用0.1%HgCl2消毒8min的萌芽率最高,为100%;污染率较低,为16.67%。2)适宜芽诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+活性炭1.0g/L,其对不定芽的诱导率为100%;适宜继代增殖培养的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.3mg/L+活性炭1.0g/L,培养30d的增殖系数为4.33,且生长势好;适宜生根培养的培养基为MS+NAA 1.0mg/L+活性炭1.0g/L,其生根率达100%。3)组培苗移栽的适宜基质为V河沙∶V椰糠∶V珍珠岩=2∶1∶1,其移栽成活率达93.33%。

To provide high-quality seedings for large scale popularization and application of D. opposita,taking the tender stem segment as explants,the optimum conditions of disinfection time, adventitious bud induction,multiplication culture,rooting culture and transplanting survival were studied. Results：1）The most suitable procedure for sterilization was to soak explants into 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 8 min after pretreatment with 75% alcohol for 10 s.Under these conditions the germination rate reached the highest（100%）and the contamination rate was lower（16.67%）.2）The suitable medium for inducing bud was MS＋ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋ NAA 0.1 mg/L＋activated carbon 1.0 g/L,and the germination rate of adventituons bud was 100%.The coefficient of multiplication of induced bud was 4.33 every 30 days on subculture medium MS＋ 6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋ NAA 0.3 mg/L＋ activated carbon 1.0 g/L,and the growth of induced bud was vigorous.The medium MS＋ NAA 1.0 mg/L＋activated carbon 1.0 g/L was the best for inducing roots and rootage rate was 100%.The rooted plantlets were transplanted onto a mixed substrate of river sand ,coconut palm and perlite（Vriver sand∶Vcoco coir∶Vperlite=2∶1∶1）and the survival rate was 93.33%.