环境人权在中国的法制化及其政治障碍

On Legalization of Environmental Human Rights in China and its Political Obstacles

近年来,以厦门PX事件为代表的环境集体抗争事件频繁发生,"公民环境权"或"环境人权"日益成为我国环境法和环境政治理论与实践中值得关注的一个议题。通过《中华人民共和国环境保护法》及其相关性法律《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》以及专门性法律《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》等法律的不断修改,我国的公民环境权利或"环境人权"正在得到更好的制度化保护与保障。但也无可置疑的是,中国的环境法制(治)建设还未达到一个历史性"拐点",即明确确立与宣示生态环境保护的公民环境权利或"环境人权"的宪政基础。中国环境法制(治)建设的更大进展,除了法律渠道下的渐进改良,更为关键的也许是来自政治与社会的动力,尤其是来自民间基层的推动。

In recent years, mass environmental protests occur frequently, with Xiamen PX incident as a case. ＂ Environmental rights of citizens＂ or ＂environmental human rights＂ has increasingly attracted attention in theory and practice in the field of environmental law and environmental administration. With the issue of China＇s ＂Envi- ronmental Protection Law＂ and continuous modification to the related laws such as ＂Civil Procedure Law＂ and specialized law like ＂Water Pollution Prevention Law＂, the environmental rights of citizens or ＂environmental hu- man rights＂ has been improved and institutionalized. Admittedly, however, China＇s environmental legislation has not yet reached a historic ＂turning point＂ that definitely constitutes the constitutional basis for protecting ecological and environmental rights of citizens. To achieve greater progress in China＇s environmental legislation, we may need to resort to more political and social forces, especially from the grassroots.