“维稳压力”与“去污名化”——基层政府走向渔民环境抗争对立面的双重机制

Stress of Safeguarding Stability and De-stigmatization: On the Dual Mechanism of Local Government's Taking Side against Fishermen's Environmental Action

环境污染事件发生后,基层政府往往与企业形成利益共谋关系,压制底层社会的环境抗争。"政经一体化开发机制"能够深刻解释内陆地区的这种现象,但难以解释海洋溢油事件中的基层政府行为。在蓬莱19-3溢油事件中,康菲石油公司对基层政府的GDP增长、税收、就业和政绩等都没有贡献,但是基层政府依然走向了渔民环境抗争的对立面。研究发现,"维稳压力"和"去污名化"是基层政府走向渔民环境抗争对立面的双重机制。其中,维稳压力机制的运转由基层政府"对上负责"体制推动,去污名化机制的运转由市县范围内旅游和海产品出口等经济利益驱动。要扭转基层政府走向渔民环境抗争对立面的格局,其根本在于顶层设计和制度创新。

In cases of environmental pollution, local governments tend to form relationship of mutual benefit with enterprises, and suppress the environmental protests from the underclass. ＂Political and economic integration＂ can explain this phenomenon in China's Mainland, but could not be readily applied to the case of oil spill. In the oil spill accident that occurred at the Penglai 19-3 oilfield, Conoeophillips Company made no contribution of GDP, tax, employment or achievements to local government. However, the government still chose to take side against fishermen＇s environmental protests. We find that the stress of safeguarding stability and de-stigmatization constitute dual mechanism of this phenomenon. Among them, the running of the former is promoted by the system of＂ reporting to the superior＂; while the latter is promoted by economic interests coming from tourism and seafood exports within the city scope. The fundamental approach to reversing this situation lies in the top design and system innovation.