《左传》《国语》引《易》类析

Citations of Zhuo Zhuan and Guo Yu of Examples in Book of Changes

《左传》《国语》中记载的《易》例,是探讨春秋时期《易》学的重要根据。《左传》《国语》中引《易》例有二十二事,可分为非筮占类引《易》和筮占类引《易》两类。对这些《易》例的归类分析,有助于探讨春秋时期的筮法以及《周易》在当时的应用。春秋时期卜、筮并用,占断吉凶的依据不限于《周易》,得到卦象的方法也未必是《周易·系辞传》中所记载的大衍之数起卦法。《周易》卦爻辞的写作目的本是系统地阐述吉凶之理,故判断吉凶未必通过卜筮。"某卦之某卦"有时用来表示爻题,有时则表示变卦,不可执泥其一。朱熹在《易学启蒙》中提出的断卦原则,或于史无徵,或与史相左,当非先秦古法。

Examples of Book of Changes recorded in Zhuo Zhuan and Guo Yu are important references to study Book of Changes.Twenty-two examples of Book of Changes are cited in Zhuo Zhuan and Guo Yu, which can be divided into the group that relate to divination and the other that does not .To divide these examples will help study the divination method in the Spring and Autumn Period and the application of Book of Changes of the time.In Spring and Autumn Period , the basis of fortune -telling was not limited within Book of Chnages;the method to get the images of hexagrams was not necessarily the one recorded in Book of Changes.The aim to write remarks appen-ded to the lines is originally to systematically expound the truth about fortune;therefore , the judgment of good or ill luck was not necessarily done by divination .A divinatory symbol of a divinatory symbol is used to indicate the re-mark topic for one time , but it may indicate to change the symbol .The principles proposed by Zhu Xi in Yixue Qi-meng were short of historic evidence or differed from the history;thereby they might not the methods in the pre -Qin dynasty .