219例儿童药品不良反应报告分析

Adverse Drug Reactions Occurred in Children Patients: Analysis of 219 Cases

目的：分析我院儿童药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及规律，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：采用回顾性分析方法，应用Excel软件，对我院2012年10月至2013年2月收集的219例ADR报告，从患儿性别、年龄、引起ADR的药品、给药途径、药物剂型、ADR累及器官和系统及其临床表现、ADR转归等方面进行统计分析。结果：219例ADR中，男142例（64．8％），女77例（35．2％），1～5岁患儿129例（58．9％）；涉及药品29种，其中抗感染药物引起的ADR最多（137例，62．6％），其次为中药制剂（51例，23．3％）；引起ADR的主要给药途径为静脉滴注（213例，97．3％），药物剂型以注射剂为主（215例，98．2％）；ADR累及器官或系统主要为皮肤及其附件（182例，83．1％）；新的不良反应18例（8．2％）。结论：我院ADR的发生主要与患儿性别、年龄、给药途径、药品种类等因素有关，临床应进一步规范抗感染药物及中药注射剂的使用，以减少或避免ADR的发生。

Objective： To analyze characteristics and general pattern of the ADR in children patients from Children＇s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and provide references for rational drug use in the clinic. The patients＇ gender, age, the medicine causing ADR, administration route, dosage form, involving organs and systems of ADR, their clinical manifestations and outcomes were analyze statistically. Methods： A total of 219 ADR cases collected from October 2012 to February 2013 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results： Among the 219 ADR cases, 142 cases were males （64.8%） and 77 were females （35.2%） ; 129 cases were between 1 to 5 years （58.9%） old; 29 drugs were involved. The greatest proportion of ADR was caused by anti-infection medicines （137 cases, 62.6% ）, followed by traditional Chinese medicine （TMC） preparations （51 cases, 23.3% ）. Main route of administration was intravenous route （213 cases, 97.3% ）. The dosage-form of medicine was injection primarily （215 cases, 98.2% ）. Organs or systems involved in ADR mainly were skin and its appendants （182 cases, 83.1% ）. There were 18 newly ADR cases （8.2%）. Conclusions： The occurrence of ADR cases in our hospital is related with children patients＇ gender, age, route of administration and drug type. Rational use of anti-infection medicines and TCM injections should be strengthened so as to lessen and avoid the occurrence of ADRs.