明代新增词调辨证

Differentiation and Demonstration of the New Tunes of Ming Ci

《全明词》及《全明词补编》收录的24334首词作共使用词调669种,大部分是沿用唐宋词已有调式,但另有一百余种调名不见于前代词作。这些新词调衍生的形式主要有三种:一是因明人或今人的误解,将本非词调的诗题用作词调;二是明人或今人因词曲观念的混淆,而将曲调杂入词调;三是明人的自创调。明词自创调共103种,虽在明词词调中占据比例不小,但使用自创调创作的词作在全部明代词作中所占比例却微乎其微,明代的自创调也很少获得后人的认可。明词自创调一方面显示出部分作者率意的创作态度,另一方面也显现出某些词人明确的创调意识。

＂Quan Ming Ci＂ and ＂The supplement to Quan Ming Ci＂ include Ci 24334 , used 669 kinds of tunes of Ci. Most of them followed the tunes of Tang - Song Ci, but more than one hundred tunes of Ci were not be seen from the former poetry. There are three reasons about these new tunes of Ci. One is because the misunderstanding of the Ming Dynasty or today＇ s people, they used the titles of poems as tones of Ci by mistake; Two is because the Ming Dynasty or today＇ s people confuse viewpoint, lead to the tunes of Ci mixed with the tunes of Qu; Three is the tunes of Ci created by the Ming Dynasty. There are 103 tunes of Ci crea- ted by Ming Dynasty, the proportion are not very few in the tunes of Ming Ci, but the proportion in total Ming Ci works is very little. And they seldom get recognition of later generations. The tunes of Ming Ci shows that a part of authors＇ attitudes are arbitrary. On the other hand,they also shows some of the writers created the tunes of Ci with clear consciousness.