先秦儒墨政治思想异同考——兼论墨家十论对儒家思想的承继、抵制与创新

On the Similarities and Differences between Confucianism and Mohist's Early Political Thoughts Based on the Ten Theroies of Mohist

先秦时期,儒、墨两家在政治思想方面同中有异,异中存同。特别是墨家十论对儒家思想在"天"、"命"、"鬼"、"神"、治国选材、仁爱同类、攻伐、礼乐、丧葬等诸方面都有所秉承但又独具特色,总体言之,异大于同。儒家在"敬鬼神而远之"的倾向于无鬼神的观念、主张国家统一、保持适度礼乐等方面优于墨家,而墨家在兼爱全体之人、驳斥非正义攻伐、主张薄葬短丧、反对礼繁乐杂等方面则更加契合当时的社会现实。

There was a relationship of inheritance and confrontation between Confucianism and Mohist. They upheld in their respective ways similar ideas about ＂heaven＂, ＂fate＂, ＂ghost＂, ＂god＂, rule, love, warfare and other feudal ethical codes. But overall, there were more differences than similarities. Confucianism is superior to the Mohist in as- pects such as holding atheism ideas of not believing in god or ghost, supporting the unity of the country, and maintai- ning a morderate feudal ethical codes and so on. At the same time, Mohist is superior to the Confucianism in the theo- ries of Universal Love, opposing to violence and war, advocating frugal and simple funerals and opposing to redundant feudal ethical codes and so on.