冷战后时代的族群冲突:国内原因与国际挑战

Ethnic conflicts after the cold war: internal reasons and international challenge

冷战后时代族群冲突复振现象引起学术界关注,理论解释众多。两极霸权结束以后留下的政治真空,为历史的民族主义解读重开窗口。跨境族群问题可能引发民族统一主义意识形态国家与反民族统一主义意识形态的国家之间的冲突,并对一国族群关系和国家统一带来严重影响。在一个动荡和脆弱的多元社会,每个群体都感到自己的安全受到威胁,并对未来产生集体恐惧,从而潜伏着暴力冲突。不安全和社会对立所引发的恐惧,为族群精英进行族群内部操控提供了基础。后冷战时期族群冲突的复振也对当下国际准则框架提出了挑战。

The revival of ethnic conflicts after the cold war causes academic concerns, and actually many theoretical explanations try to give reasons for it. Political vacuum left by the bipolar hegemony reopens the window for nationalist interpretation of history. The issue around cross - border ethnic groups and boundaries may cause conflicts between the irredentist state and the anti -irredentist state, which would make serious im- pact upon ethnic relationship and national unity. In an unstable and vulnerable pluralistic society, the possi- bility of violence exists in the security dilemma and collective fears of the future felt by each ethnic group. And ethnic elites manipulate the fears caused by insecurity and social opposition so as to practice their internal con- trol. Finally, revival of ethnic conflicts after the cold war also makes a challenge for international normal framework.