牦牛乳作为婴儿配方奶粉奶源的营养与安全性

Nutrition and Safety of Yak Milk as Infant Formula Milk Source

中国是世界上拥有牦牛种群和数量最多的国家,对某些特定人群而言,牦牛乳的生物学特点意义重大。与普通牛乳、羊乳和人乳的各营养素含量相比,牦牛乳的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、矿物质和维生素含量均高于普通牛羊乳,必需氨基酸、必需脂肪酸、乳糖及矿物质含量更接近人乳。另外,牦牛乳含有的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸等功能性脂肪酸,是普通牛羊乳所不具有的。在安全性上,牦牛乳特有的蛋白质比普通牛乳蛋白质更不易引起过敏且容易消化吸收,所含共轭亚油酸的安全性评价实验与人群研究表明其无任何毒副作用。牦牛乳以其特有的营养性和安全性,可望为我国婴儿配方奶粉领域增加新品种。

China has the largest number and species of yak in the world. For some populations, the biological characteristics of yak milk are significant. It shows higher contents of protein, fat, lactose, minerals and vitamins compared to cow and goat milk. The contents of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, lactose and minerals are similar to those of human milk. In addition, yak milk has some functional fat acids such as eicosapntemacnioc acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are absent in cow and goat milk. From the viewpoint of food safety, yak milk specific protein is less likely to cause allergies and more easily digested and absorbed than cow milk. Safety evaluation experiments and population studies of conjugated linoleic acid show no side effects. Yak milk is expected to add new varieties in the field of infant formula milk by its unique nutrition and safety.