上海市闵行区学龄儿童尿碘和盐碘水平的现况调查

Investigation on urinary and salt iodine levels of school-aged children in Minhang District of Shanghai

目的了解和掌握上海市闵行区学龄儿童尿碘水平及家庭食用盐碘水平及其分布。方法采用分阶整群抽样方法选定上海市闵行区某小学三到五年级12个班级(每个年级4个班级)的所有学生,采集尿样、检测尿碘,并收集、检测学生家中食用盐的碘含量。结果共收集并检测498份尿样(男生246份,女生252份)。调查对象尿碘中位数为143.28μg/L(男生为147.46μg/L;女生为141.66μg/L)。尿碘水平低于适宜标准者比例达27.11%,超过适宜水平者占27.51%。483份盐样含碘均值为20.61mg/kg。食盐加碘率79.09%,合格碘盐仅占71.43%,无碘盐及不合格碘盐分别占20.91%及7.66%。食用合格碘盐的学生其尿碘水平显著低于其他学生(χ2=6.34,P=0.04)。结论上海市闵行区学龄儿童尿碘中位水平适中,但呈现碘缺乏、碘适宜及碘过量并存的现象。

Objective To investigate urinary iodine level and salt iodine level of school-aged children in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods The multi-stage cluster sampling method was applied and 4 classes were randomly selected from each grade of 3 to 5 in a primary school in Minhang District.All students in those selected classes were enrolled.Morning urine samples of children and salt samples from home were collected and tested.Results A total of 498 urine samples were collected and then tested,including 246 males and 252 females.The median urinary iodine level for all participants was 143.28 μg/L （male 147.46 μg/L,female 141.66 μg/L）.Students with an urinary iodine lower and higher than the recommended level accounted for 27.11% and 27.51%,respectively.The average level of salt iodine was 20.61 mg/kg.Only 79.09% salt samples were iodized,among which 71.34% were qualified iodized salt.Noniodized and unqualified iodized salt accounted for 20.91% and 7.66% of all salt samples.Students consuming non-iodized salt had a significant lower urine iodine level,as compared with others （χ^2=6.34,P=0.04）.Conclusions The status of iodine nutrition in school-aged children in Minhang District was diverse but the average level for these students was fairly well.