偏肺病毒对副粘病毒细胞融合的新注释

Metapneumovirus expands the understanding of Paramyxovirus cell fusion-A review

对于副粘病毒科中的大多数病毒而言,细胞融合过程需要病毒的融合蛋白和吸附蛋白共同参与,其中吸附蛋白负责与受体结合,吸附蛋白与融合蛋白的相互作用激活融合蛋白进而激活细胞融合。而偏肺病毒介导的细胞融合则与上述副粘病毒的融合显著不同,所有已报道偏肺病毒介导的细胞融合不需要吸附蛋白的参与,其融合蛋白可单独完成与受体结合和融合。并且近年研究发现有些人偏肺病毒毒株介导的融合需要低pH条件,禽偏肺病毒A型具备极强的融合能力,而禽偏肺病毒B型则较弱。原有的副粘病毒细胞融合理论模型均不能解释上述现象,偏肺病毒介导的这种融合机制目前还不清楚,其研究在近几年日趋成为细胞融合机制研究的热点。近年发现的偏肺病毒介导的融合现象打破了人们对副粘病毒融合的固有理解,拓展了人们对副粘病毒介导的细胞融合的认识。本文旨在对偏肺病毒介导的细胞融合的最新成果和进展加以综述和讨论。

For most viruses in Paramyxoviridae, cell fusion requires both attachment protein and fusion protein. The attachment protein is responsible for the binding to its cognate receptors, while the interaction between fusion protein and attachment protein triggers the fusion protein which is responsible for the fusion. However, the Metapneumovirus fusion in Pneumovirinae subfamily displayed different mechanism where the attachment protein is not required. The cell fusion is accomplished by fusion protein alone without the help of the attachment protein. Recent studies indicate that low pH is required for cell fusion promoted by some hMPV strains. The fusion protein of aMPV type A is highly fusogenic, whereas that of type B is low. The original fusion models for Paramyxovirus cannot explain the phenomenon above. The mechanism to regulate the cell fusion of Metapneumovirus is poorly understood. It is becoming a hot spot for the study of cell fusion triggered by Paramyxovirus where it enlarged the traditional scope of Paramyxovirus fusion. In this review, we discuss the new achievements and advances in the understanding of cell fusion triggered by Metapneumovirus.