某航校飞行学员高频听力损失研究

Investigation of the High Frequency Hearing in an Aviation College

目的跟踪某航校飞行学员人群连续两年的高频听力变化,根据结果判断其变化趋势并进行基因组学筛查,探讨mtDNA4977缺失与噪声性听力损失关系。方法随机抽取某航校2009级140名飞行学员进行听力学检测,连续跟踪调研两年,着重观察个体两年间左右耳高频频段4000、6000、8000Hz之间的听阈值及高频听力累加值的变化情况,针对筛查出的听力下降学员进行mtDNA4977片段缺失情况诊断,应用SPSS19.0统计软件进行同一人群配对样本T检验以验证是否具有统计学意义,以X2检验进行组间基因缺失频率的比较。结果在调查的飞行学员人群中,两年间右耳4000Hz频段有明显变化(p<0.05),其他各高频频段及高频听力累加值无明显统计学意义(p>0.05)。两组mtD-NA4977缺失率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在高年级飞行学员人群中存在噪声性听力损失,携带mtDNA4977缺失基因型的个体对噪声性听力损失易感。

Objective To track high frequency hearing changes among pilot cadets in an aviation school over consecu- tive two years and investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） 4977 bp deletion and noise induced hear- ing loss. Methods One hundred and forty pilot students from Class 2008 in an aviation college were random included. Their hearing was followed for contiguous two years, with focus on high frequencies （4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz） and cumulative chang- es in high frequency hearing. Those with abnormal audiology results were tested for mtDNA4977 deletion. The SPSS 19.0 sta- tistics software was used for statistical analysis, with t-test being used to compare differences and chi square test to detect fre- quency of gene deletion in normal and abnormal hearing groups. Results There was change only at 4000 Hz in right ear （p〈 0.05） in senior pilot cadets over the two years. The rate of mtDNA4977 deletion differed among the normal and abnormal hear- ing groups （p〈0.05）. Conclusions Senior years pilot cadets are prone to have noise hearing loss and mtDNA4977 deletion may be a risk factor for noise induced hearing loss.