水稻品种‘Rathu Heenati’、‘玉香油占’对稻飞虱及其捕食性天敌田间种群动态的影响

Effect of rice varieties‘Rathu Heenati'and‘Yuxiangyouzhan'on the annual population dynamics of rice planthoppers and their predatory enemies

研究了华南双季稻区水稻抗稻飞虱种质资源‘Rathu Heenati’(RHT)和广东省超级稻主栽品种‘玉香油占’上褐飞虱、白背飞虱及田间捕食性天敌的年发生动态。结果表明,水稻品种‘Rathu Heenati’和‘玉香油占’对褐飞虱和白背飞虱均表现出明显的控制作用。褐飞虱和白背飞虱1年内在华南双季稻区存在两个明显的发生高峰,晚稻稻飞虱的发生数量高于早稻,其中早稻白背飞虱的发生数量要大于褐飞虱,而晚稻情况相反,褐飞虱的发生数量显著大于白背飞虱。当害虫虫口密度较低时,‘玉香油占’对上述两种害虫的控制作用与‘RHT’水稻差异不显著,但当稻飞虱数量急剧增加,‘RHT’对稻飞虱的控制作用就显著强于‘玉香油占’。抗性水稻‘RHT’和‘玉香油占’田的捕食性天敌如蜘蛛、盲蝽和隐翅虫虫口密度均低于感虫对照品种‘Taichung Native 1’田。捕食性天敌年发生动态调查结果表明,蜘蛛在3个品种水稻上早、晚稻各有1次发生高峰;盲蝽在晚稻有1次发生高峰,在早稻发生数量很低;隐翅虫在早稻有一个发生高峰,晚稻发生虫口密度较低。通过比较3个品种上害益虫口比年发生动态,结果表明,早、晚稻3个品种的害益虫口比均呈现"双峰型",‘RHT’和‘玉香油占’对水稻害虫稻飞虱具有十分显著的控制作用。本文还讨论了华南双季稻区抗虫品种的培育和改良以及与其他防治措施配套综合防控稻田褐飞虱、白背飞虱的可能性。

In this paper,the effect of insect-resistance breeding material ‘Rathu Heenati ＇（RHT） and super rice variety ‘Yuxiangyouzhan＇ （YXYZ） on the annual population dynamics of rice plant-hoppers and their predatory enemies were investigated in rice fields of southern China.The results showed that the rice varieties ‘ RHT＇ and ‘YXYZ’ possess obvious control effects on brown rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens （St（a）l） and white back planthopper Sogatella furcifera （Horváth）.In double rice cropping zone of southern China,both of N.lugens and S.furcifera have two occurrence peaks.The occurrence number of rice planthoppers in late rice fields was higher than that in early rice fields.In early rice fields,the occurrence number of S.furcifera was usually higher than that of N.lugens,but the occurrence number of N.lugens was significantly higher than that of S.furcifera in late rice fields.When the population of rice pests was low,there is no significant difference between the control effect of ‘YXYZ’ and ‘RHT’.Along with the large increasing of rice planthoppers population,the control effect of ‘RHT’ was significantly better than that of ‘YXYZ＇ on N.lugens and S.furcifera.The results of annual population of predatory enemies on three rice varieties showed that spiders presented an occurrence peak in early and late rice,respectively,mirids only presented an occurrence peak in late rice,rove beetle only presented an occurrence peak in early rice and low population in late rice.Comparison of annual dynamic of pest-natural enemy ratio on three rice varieties showed that the pest-natural enemy ratio presented ＂twin peaks＂ during two rice seasons annually.‘RHT’ and ‘YXYZ’ had significantly better control effect on the rice planthoppers in fields than the susceptible rice variety Taichung Native 1 ＇.The breeding and improvement of insect resistant rice varieties and IPM strategies with other control methods on N.lugens and S.furcifera were also discussed in this paper.