天文大气折射通用积分表达式

General integral expressions in astronomical atmospheric refraction theory

天文大气折射是经典天文学和大地测量学研究的重要课题之一.利用电磁波传播路径上相邻两点之间大气参数所满足的理论关系,给出了多元大气层和等温大气层对天文大气折射影响的通用积分表达式.此表达式既包含了干大气,又包含了水汽对天文大气折射的影响,以及它们对天文大气折射的耦合影响.给出的通用积分表达式不依赖于大气分布模型,因此,不但改进了现有的球对称大气折射理论,而且适应了不同方位的需求.

Astronomical Atmospheric Refraction（AAR） is one of important problems in classic astronomy and geodesy.Using the theoretical relationship satisfied by atmospheric parameters between two adjacent points in an electromagnetic wave propagation path,general integral expressions has been developed,the influences of polybasic and isothermal atmospheres on AAR,which consists of influences of both dry air on AAR,and contains water vapor,along with the coupling effect of dry air and water vapor to AAR.The general integral expressions given by this paper does not depend on atmospheric distribution models.Therefore,this article not only improved the existing spherically symmetric atmospheric refraction theory,but also adapted to the needs of different orientations.