试论清代清水江下游地区的土地买卖——以天柱县高酿镇木杉村为例

The Land Trade in the Lower Reaches of the Qingshui River during the Qing Dynasty: A Case Study of Musha Village in Gaoliang,Tianzhu County

清代清水江流域土地买卖的主要原因是村民需要银、钱使用,次则缺米食用以及合卖、转卖等;其特点表现为:一是田产、山地、土、园地和房屋地基五类土地交易价格差异较大;二是道光二十年前多以银为货币,之后基本上以钱作为货币;三是部分保留了宋代以来"先尽亲房、再尽地邻"的传统,但有较大突破,土地交易的自由度加大,反映了清代宗法关系日益走向松驰;四是土地买卖趋向集中。木杉村的土地买卖凸显了清代土地买卖日益商品化的特征,对地方经济社会的发展具有一定的积极作用。

During the Qing Dynasty, the main reason for land trade in Qingshui River Valley was that the residents needed silver and money for life. Secondly, they were short of rice. Therefore they had to sell some- thing or resell it. The land trade in that area was characterized by four points. First, there were big differences in rice field, hillside field, land, garden field and house foundation. Second, silver coin was used as currency be- fore Daoguang Twenty, after which cash was used as currency. Third, the convention of ＂close clan first, neigh- bors second＂ was carried on ever since the Song Dynasty. Yet, changes could be found so that the land transac- tions became more freely, reflecting the relation of patriarchal clan system in the Qing Dynasty turned loosening step by step. Finally, land transaction trended to be concentrated. Land trade in Musha Village showed that it became more and more commercialized in the Qing Dynasty, which played a positive role in the development of local economic society.