上海市老年人体育锻炼现状及影响因素

Status Quo of the Physical Exercise of the Old People in Shanghai and the Relative Influence Factors

主要采用问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法,通过调查上海市10个区共500名60～69岁老年人参加体育锻炼的现状（包括动机、运动量、项目、场所）和影响因素,探讨了上海市老年人体育锻炼的行为特征及存在的问题.研究结果发现：（1）增进身体健康是上海市老年人参加体育锻炼的主要目的;上海市老年人体育锻炼的运动量比较适宜;走步、太极拳/剑以及健身体操、广场舞等是上海市老年人的主要锻炼项目;锻炼场所主要集中在社区、公园和广场等户外、免费的场所;（2）上海市老年人参加体育锻炼受多种因素的影响,其中天气因素、家庭因素、缺乏组织、缺乏科学的指导和缺乏锻炼内容是其主要影响因素.

By the methods of questionnaire, interview and statistics, the author surveyed tile status quo of the physical exercise （ including motivation, amount of exercise, sports and arena） and the influencing factors of 500 old people of 60-69 years old in ten districts of Shanghai. The article discusses the behavior characteristics of the old people＇s physical exercise and the existing problems. The result of the study shows that improving fitness is the main aim of Shanghai old people＇s participation in exercise. The amount of exercise is rational. Walking. taijiquan/sword, aerobics and square dance are the common favorable sports of the aged. The places for exercise are usually the free and outdoor places in the communities, parks and squares. Many factors affect Shanghai old people＇s participation in exercise. The main factors include weather, family and the insufficiency of organization, scientific instruction and exercise items.