收入分配对中国居民文化消费的影响研究

Study on the Impact of Income Distribution on Chinese Residents' Cultural Consumption

从马斯洛层次需求理论出发,分析收入分配对文化消费的个体影响效应和宏观影响效应。从个体层面得出文化消费边际效用弹性大于非文化消费边际效用弹性及边际文化消费倾向递增的结论,同时证明当消费函数为线性或边际消费倾向递增或弱递减时,收入的边际文化消费倾向递增。通过构建一个包含基尼系数的总文化消费函数,从宏观层面得出了收入差距的扩大反而会提高居民总文化消费的结论。对这些结论进行验证发现,中国居民文化消费增长的一个重要原因是居民收入差距的扩大,其对城镇和农村的文化消费提高的贡献均达到近1/3。但收入差距的扩大必然会导致社会总体福利的下降,容易引起社会不和谐和文化发展不均衡,因而应在保证社会公平分配、缩小收入差距的前提下,大力提高居民收入,促进文化消费。

The paper uses Maslow＇s hierarchy needs theory to analyze the individual and macro impact of income distribution on cultural consumption. From the individual level, it draws three conclusions： the elas- ticity of marginal utility of cultural consumption is greater than that of non-cultural consumption ; the MPC of culture consumption is increasing; when the consumption function is linear, the MPC is diminishing or in- creasing, and the revenue＇s MPC of culture consumption is increasing. From the macro-level, it constructs a total cultural consumption function containing Gini coefficient, and concludes that the expansion of the in- come gap will improve the total cultural consumption. The empirical analysis verifies the above conclusions, and finds that the expanding income gap is an important reason for Chinese people＇s cultural consumption growth, and its contribution to improving the urban and rural cultural consumption has reached nearly one- third. However, the income gap will inevitably lead to the decline of social welfare, the disharmony of socie- ty and the unbalance of culture development. Therefore, the right choice should be to ensure a fair distribu- tion and narrow the income gap, then improve residents＇ income, promote cultural consumption and drive cultural development.