铁观音等引种武夷山的植物学性状观察及主要生化成分分析

Observation on Botanical Traits of Introduced Tea Plants( Including Tieguanyin) in Wuyishan and Analysis of Their Main Biochemical Components

为服务武夷山茶产业的品种结构调整,对种植在武夷山的铁观音、黄旦、梅占、台茶12号4个品种进行植物学性状观察和生化成分分析,结果表明:铁观音和台茶12号树型为灌木型,黄旦和梅占的树型为小乔木型;铁观音、梅占的叶形为长椭圆形,黄旦和台茶12号的叶形为椭圆形;铁观音幼嫩芽叶为紫红色,成熟叶片为深绿色,梅占叶色为深绿色,黄旦和台茶12号叶色为黄绿色;台茶12号的茸毛较其他3个品种多。4个品种的咖啡碱含量从芽至第五叶呈递减趋势,到茎又升高;除黄旦外,其他3个品种第一叶的茶多酚含量最高,芽次之,并从第一叶至第五叶、茎递减;不同部位游离氨基酸含量有差异,且没有规律性;4个品种的茶多酚含量丰富,铁观音和台茶12号咖啡碱含量很高。

To serve the variety structure adjustment of tea industry in Wuyishan, we observed the botanical traits of four tea （Camellia sinensis） varieties （Tieguanyin, Huangdan, Meizhan and Taieha 12） which were introduced and planted in Wuyishan, and analyzed their main biochemical components. The results indicated that the tree shape of Tieguanyin and Taicha 12 was shrub type, and that of Huangdan and Meizhan was small arbor type. The leaf shape of Tieguanyin and Meizhan was long oval, and that of Huangdan and Taicha 12 was oval. The tender leaf and bud of Tieguanyin were aubergine, and its mature leaf was dark green. The leaf color of Meizhan was dark green, and that of Huangdan and Taicha 12 was chartreuse. Taicha 12 had more fuzzes than the oth- ers. The caffeine content of 4 varieties revealed a decreasing trend from bud to the fifth leaf, while showed a rising trend from the fifth leaf to stem. Except Huangdan, the tea polyphenol content in different parts of other 3 varieties revealed the following order： the first leaf 〉 bud 〉 the second leaf 〉 the third leaf 〉 the fourth leaf 〉 the fifth leaf 〉 stem. The free amino acid content in differ- ent parts of 4 varieties showed little differences and no regularity. These 4 varieties had rich tea polyphenol content. Tieguanyin and Taicha 12 had very high caffeine content.