基础主义的批判与奎因的整体主义知识观

Criticism of Fundamentalism and Quine's Holistic View of Knowledge

基础主义作为人类认识论上一种基本的认识路径,试图寻找一个稳固的根基,并在此基础上建构人类知识的大厦。随着近代数理逻辑的兴盛和分析哲学的进一步发展,这种试图把科学知识建立在逻辑的根基上的现代基础主义再次成为很多哲学家追求的目标。然而,对于盛极一时的古典基础主义,一些哲学家提出了尖锐而严厉的批判;并且现代基础主义在二十世纪五十年代后也受到了激烈的批判,其中奎因的整体主义知识观就是一个有力的代表。

As a basic understanding path of human epistemology, foundationalism always tries to find a solid foundation, and construct a building of human knowledge on this basis. With the rise of mathematical logic and further development of ana- lytic philosophy, modern foundationalism, which tries to put scientific knowledge on the basis of the logical foundation, has become the target of many philosophers. However, for this popular classical foundationalism, many philosophers have done a sharp and harsh criticism, and after the fifties of the twentieth century the modern foundationalism has received lots of fierce criticism, in which Quine＇s holism view of knowledge is a strong representative.