论清末民初的凉山彝汉族群关系——以土司视角为例

On Relationship between Yi and Han in Liangshan——An Perspective of Chieftain in the Late Qing and Republican Periods

解放前,凉山彝汉族群关系恶化。民间宗教仪式成为建立族群良好关系的一种手段和象征。当时,存在两种族群治理方式:军事铁腕镇压和文化柔性治理。在局部地区,部分汉族军阀、士绅能自发调整和修正受损的族群关系。由于族群间信任破产,导致当时流行保头(保人)制度和人质制度。军人维稳方式成为了军阀们捞取名利的手段,军阀卷入了奴隶买卖勾当中,变相维护了奴隶制。解放前号称"独立倮倮"地区的凉山彝区是族群关系恶化的一个典型例子,族群关系的恶化导致社会成内卷化的畸形发展,内部与外部因素的竞争、冲突、合谋不断地推动凉山彝区社会的畸形发展。

Relations between Yi ethnic group and the Han nationality have deteriorated in Liangshan in the late Qing and republican periods. Folk rituals had adjusted ties between the two groups. At that time, there were two ethnic governance mode ： the brutal military crackdown and flexible cultural governance. In some ar- eas, some Han elites had been spontaneously repairing bilateral ties. Because of the lack of trust, this area ex- isted long-standing hostage system between the two groups. The local government soldiers destroyed the har- monious relations between the two sides. Internal factors, external factors contributed to the formation of the lo- cal abnormal society.