墓葬壁画地仗层加固修复技术研究

Studies on the technique for reinforcing and restoring the ground layer of tomb murals

任何形式的古代壁画,其结构主要都是由基础支撑体、地仗层、颜料层三部分组成。但各种类型壁画的制作工艺不同,所使用的材料也不同。壁画的地仗层下与支撑体黏接,上又是颜料层的载体,地仗层性质的优劣直接关系到壁画能否长期保存,许多壁画的毁坏都是因地仗层的毁坏而引发的。本文针对陕西唐昭陵长乐公主墓壁画,河北湾漳北齐墓壁画、河南洛阳唐安国相王孺人崔氏墓壁画地仗层的保护修复,从壁画制作材料与工艺、修复工艺、外观等方面详细介绍三种不同的墓葬壁画原地仗层加固方法,并进行了比较。

As a kind of important art form, the murals＇ development was bounded with social life, customs, reli- gion, philosophy and aesthetic ideas in different periods. Ancient murals were made of basal support, ground layer, and pigment layer. Different kinds of mural have utilized different making processes and materials. The ground layer is the connecting layer between the basal support and pigment layer, and the quality of ground layer determined how long the mural can be preserved. In this paper, we compared the reinforcing and restoring techniques used for groud layer in murals of three different site： Tomb of Princess Changle in Shaanxi Province, Tang Dynasty; Tomb of Wanzhang in Hebei Province; and Tomb of Lady Cui in Henan province, Tang Dynasty.