中国收入分配体制改革路径选择研究

On Selection of Ways to the Reform of Income Distribution System in China

国民收入中居民收入比重的持续降低和居民内部收入差距的不断拉大共同构成了中国日趋严重的收入分配问题。要在尽量减少对经济发展影响的情况下进行收入分配改革,必须综合考虑政策的调节力度和影响范围、对经济的影响、施行难易程度等因素,二次分配环节的社会保障政策在这些方面更具优势,是推动改革的重点突破口。当前社会保障制度存在统筹层次低、覆盖面窄、缴费率高、制度间缺乏衔接等问题,削弱了调节收入分配的功能,在下一步的改革中应当以促进收入公平作为政策制定的基本原则。要实现收入分配整体改革方案的快速推进必须在养老保险、医疗保险、社会福利和社会救助等方面作出努力。

The grave problem of income distribution in China is resulted in declining proportion of resident income in national income and widening income gap among people. It is imperative to have a comprehensive consideration of such factors as regulating force and affecting scope of a policy,its economic effect and difficulty level in implement. Social security policies in redistribution phase have more advantages,and thus should be taken as a key breaking-though of the reform. The current social security system has problems of low-level overall arrangements,narrow coverage,high coinsurance rate,and lack of link-ups between different systems,which are crippling income distribution adjustment. In future reform,to promote income equality should be taken as a rationale for policy-making. Efforts must be further made in endowment insurance,medical insurance,social welfare and social assistance,so as to realize a thorough reform in income distribution system in China.