耐力训练与高强度间歇训练对肥胖儿童健康相关指标的影响

Effects of endurance training and high-intensity interval training on health-related indexs of obese children

目的 探讨耐力训练和高强度间歇训练对8 ～12岁肥胖儿童健康相关指标的影响.方法 选取2011年3～8月在本科门诊就诊的符合纳入标准的儿童70例,随机分成耐力训练组（ET）34例和高强度间隔训练组（HIT）36例,ET组进行30 ～60 min运动强度达到个人最大心率80％的连续运动;HIT组进行60s运动强度达到个人最大心率90％～95％的冲刺运动,中间穿插一个1 min达50％个人最大心率运动,重复3～6次.分别于干预前和干预12w后进行生理和生化指标的检测.结果 干预后组间比较显示,两组受试者身高、体重、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、HDL、TC、TG、LDL差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;HIT组血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数明显低于ET组（P＜0.05）.组内比较显示：ET组干预后体重、BMI、收缩压、血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、LDL含量低于干预前（P＜0.05）,身高、HDL、舒张压、胰岛素、TC、TG含量与干预前相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;HIT组干预后体重、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、LDL含量低于干预前（P＜0.05）,身高、HDL、TC、TG含量与干预前相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 运动锻炼能有效改善儿童肥胖症状,高强度间歇训练与传统的耐力训练相比,能明显减少胰岛素抵抗,减少总运动量,缩短锻炼时间,有较好的推广价值.

Objective To discuss the effects of endurance training（ET） and high-intensity interval training （HIT）on health- related parameters of obese children aged from 8 to 12 years. Methods 70 children of out-patient clinic from March,2011 to August, 2011, in accordance with the inclusion criteria, were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups ： ET group （ n = 34 ） and HIT group （ n = 36）. The children in ET group performed a continuous exercise for 30 to 60 minutes with the exercise intensity to induce 80% of individual maximum heart beat,while the children in HIT group performed rush exercise for 60 seconds with the exercise intensity to induce 90% to 95% of individual maximum heart beat with an interpenetration of exercise for 1 minute with the exercise intensity to induce 50% of individual maximum heart beat, and repeated the exercise for 3 to 6 time. Physiological and biological and biochemical indexs were detected before intervention and 12 weeks after intervention. Results After intervention, there existed no statistical difference in height, weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, TC, LG, HDL and LDL （ P 〈 0.05 ） between the 2 groups, but the index of blood sugar, insulin and insulin resistance index In HIT group were obviously lower than those in ET group（P 〈 0.05）. In ET group , the weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, blood sugar, insulin resistance index and LDL level after intervention were lower than those before intervention （P 〈 0.05）, while no difference of statistical significance was found in height, HDL, diastolic blood pressure, insulin, the levels of TC and TG compared with those before intervention （ P 〈 0.05 ）. In HIT group, the weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar, insulin, insulin resistance index, LDL level after intervention were lower than those before intervention, while no difference of statistical significance existed in height, HDL, the level of TC and TG after intervention compared with those before intervention （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Both ET and HIT are effective in improving the symptoms of obese children, but HIT is more effective in reducing the insulin resistance, cutting down the total amount of exercise and shortening the involved time, and it is more worthy of wide performance.