按生产要素分配:形式与实质——两种“对立”的分配方式为什么可以结合

Forms and Essence of Allocation Based on Production Factors --Why Two Opposite Allocation Modes can be Combined

现有的经济理论难以证明按劳分配与按生产要素分配可以实现内在结合。事实上 ,价值创造过程中的生产劳动出现了社会化、层次化和科技化的趋势 ,只要产权关系清晰和产权主体多元化 ,离开了人的活劳动 ,生产要素就不可能自动实现优化配置 ,生产劳动就是处于社会生产总系统中不同环节和不同层次的劳动者配置生产要素的行为 ,所以 ,按生产要素分配是一种表面现象 ,实质上 ,它是按配置生产要素的劳动进行分配 。

It is difficult for the existing theories to prove the intrinsical combination of allocations based on labor and production factors.In fact,the productive labor is characterized by the tendency of socialization,diversification and scientificalization in value creation process.Provided that the property rights are clear with diversified subjects, production factors cannot be automatically optimized in disposition:the productive labor is actually an action in which production factors are disposed by different levels in the general system of social production.Therefore,allocation according to production factors is only a superficial phenomenon.In essence it is the distribution of labor according to allocated production factors,and it is essentially the same as distribution according to labor.