地震儿童截肢伤员血清酶学检查指标初步分析

Preliminary analysis of serum enzymes indicators in childhood amputees due to earthquake resulting trauma

目的 回顾分析地震中儿童截肢伤员的血清酶学检查结果,并讨论其临床意义.方法 从2008年四川汶川和2013年四川芦山两次特大地震150例地震创伤患儿中,选择血清酶学检查结果完整的、以肢体外伤为主的患儿45例,分为3组：截肢组6例、骨筋膜室切开减压组5例、普通创伤组34例.统计各组患儿的血清酶学检查数据,配对后进行统计分析.以同期随机选取的10例非地震创伤的骨科患儿作为对照;以20例成人地震截肢伤员作为对照.结果 各组地震创伤患儿损伤严重度评分（ISS）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）等血清酶学指标比较差异均有统计学意义（FISS=15.474,P＜0.001;FASTT=10.770,P＜0.001;FALT=12.799,P＜0.001;FCK=12.848,P＜0.001;FLDH=13.126,P＜0.001;FHBDH=13.186,P＜0.001）,以截肢组患儿升高最为明显;且儿童截肢组AST、LDH、HBDA明显高于成人截肢组,而ALT、CK略为升高.血清酶学指标对病情及预后的正确判断有很大的帮助.同时在统计中还发现,CK是一个对急性重症创伤患者特别是伴随严重软组织损伤患者病情进行评估的极其敏感的生化检查指标,在各组病例中增高极为显著,CK可从非地震创伤组的（129±62） U/L升高到地震截肢组的（44208±39 788） U/L,超过300多倍,增高极为显著,其中有的患者最高值竟达到117 513 U/L,超过840倍.而一旦及时进行了截肢手术或骨筋膜室切开减压等治疗处理后,患儿的CK值又会迅速下降,直至正常.结论 完善而连续的血清生化检查在急性重度创伤儿童的治疗过程中极为必要,对临床医生正确判断病情并确定治疗方案有着非常重要的临床意义.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the serum enzymes in childhood amputees as a result of earthquake,and to discuss their clinical significance.Methods From 150 children amputees who were victims of Sichuan Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and Sichuan Lushan earthquake in 2013,45 cases with complete records of serum enzymes examinations were reviewed retrospectively.They were divided into three groups：amputation group （n=6）,fasciotomy decompression group （n =5）,general trauma without injury to extremity group （n =34）.Serum enzyme examination data were compared for statistical analysis to find the difference among groups.Ten children who were not victims of earthquake were selected from department of orthopaedics to serve as controls,and 20 adult amputees as a result of earthquake served as another control group.Results There were significant differences in injury severity scale （ISS） and the contents of all serum enzymes,including aspartate transaminase （AST）,alanine aminotransferase （ALT）,creatine kinase （CK）,lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）,and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase （HBDH）,between the amputation group and other patients （FISS=15.474,P＜0.001 ; FAST=10.770,P＜0.001 ; FALT=12.799,P＜0.001 ; FcK=12.848,P＜0.001; FUDH=13.126,P＜0.001; FHBDH=13.186,P＜0.001）,and the difference in amputation group was even more significant.AST,LDH,HBDH in childhood amputees group were significantly higher than those in adult amputation group.The contents of ALT and CK were slightly increased.Serum enzyme contents were found to be significantly helpful for prediction of disease condition and prognosis.It was also found that CK was extremely helpful in assessing the degree of illness in patients with severe trauma,especially in patients complicated by severe soft tissue injury.In all the groups,of patients,it was found that CK rose from （129 ± 62） U/L in non-earthquake induced trauma group to （44 208 ± 39 788） U/L in earthquake amputation group,and it was thus increased more than 300 times.Its highest value even reached 117 513 U/L,which was more than 840 times of the normal.If a timely amputation or muscle compartment decompression was performed,CK might decline rapidly down to the normal value.Conclusions The comprehensive and continuous assessment of serum enzymes is mandatory during the treatment of children with acute trauma.It is of important clinical significance to correctly judge the condition and to determine optional treatment measures.