我国大陆地区刑事被害人保护制度论纲

An Outline of Criminal Victim's Protection System of Mainland Area of China

我国大陆地区刑事被害人保护措施虽长期存在,但并未形成专门且自成体系的制度。"有意"且专门的被害人保护制度得以初步成型的时间不过七、八年之久。刑事被害人保护制度的类型整体上可区分为程序性保护制度和实体性保护制度。程序性保护制度的具体内容体现为刑事被害人依法享有的诉讼权利。实体性保护制度的内容具体包括:刑事损害赔偿制度,犯罪赃物追缴、返还或退赔制度,刑事损害赔偿优先于犯罪罚没的制度,刑事被害人的社会保障制度,刑事被害人救济制度。程序性保护制度和实体性保护制度都取得了可喜成绩,但都还存在诸多缺陷和不足。相应地,应当通过针对性的弥补和完善措施,以使我国大陆地区形成更完备、合理且成熟的刑事被害人保护制度。

The phenomenon of criminal victim＇s protection of mainland area of China is longstanding, but has not formed out system which is special and self-contained. While, the preliminary molding time of the intentional and special system of criminal victim＇s protection is just seven or eight years. The realization ways of criminal victim＇s protection contain procedural protection and entity protection measures on the whole. The specific contents of procedural protection measures are statutory procedural rights which criminal victims enjoying. The specific content of entity protection measures contain ： system of compensation for criminal damage tution of criminal booty; system of compensation for criminal ; system of recovery, return and restidamage is priority criminal confiscations; system of criminal victim＇s social security and system of criminal victim＇s relief. Both procedural and entity protection measures have achieved sound impressive, but there is still much defect and insufficient. Accordingly, there should be taking targeted measures to make the system of criminal victim＇s protection more perfect, reasonable and mature.