论我国土地制度改革的实验主义进路——以1978 ～2013年土地立法为样本的分析

An Experimentalism Approach to the Land System Reform in China——Based on the Samples of Land Legislation in 1978 ～2013

实验主义立法进路的出现,是政治经济体制巨变所催生的产物。30多年的土地制度改革则是该立法进路的一个缩影,而暂行法、试点立法则是它的具体表现形式。在实验性立法的保障下,土地制度不仅平稳、顺利地过渡到市场经济体制,而且还形成了全新的土地法律体系。虽然在当下的土地制度改革中,实验主义立法进路的负面效应已经呈现出来,但制度风险小、操作成本低的优点仍使得它具有广阔的生存空间。因此,面对新一轮的土地制度改革,实验性立法必须在立法的规范性上作出适度调整,以保障土地制度改革的顺利进行。

The experimentalism approach to legislation is a product of the upheaval of the political and economic system. 30 years＇ land system reform is an epitome of this legislative approach and the interim law and the pilot law are the specific manifestations. Under the protection of experimental legislation, the land system not only transited to the market＂ economic system stably and successfully, but also developed a new land law system. Although the negative effects of the experimentalism approach to legislation have appeared today, low risk and low operating cost have brought this approach a broad living space. Therefore, in a new round of land system reform, some appropriate adjustments to the experimental legislation must be done in the aspect of legislative regularity to ensure the land system reform goes smoothly.