超分子化学对中医药理论的特殊影响

Special impact of supramolecular chemistry on Chinese medicine theories

该文归纳总结超分子化学研究的现状,分析中医药可能的超分子形式,结合中医药现代化所存在问题,旨在阐述超分子化学对诠释中医药基础理论的特殊作用。与传统的由原子间化学键构成化学相比,超分子化学是以多种弱分子间相互作用的非共价键化学,体现出分子间宏观作用的表观化学属性,可诠释中医药理论的微观物质基础。人体及中药成分可以自身或相互络合、复合、螯合、包合、中和,以自组装、自组织、自识别及自复制的形式形成超分子物质;中医的经络脏腑结构可能是基于细胞内外的超分子"印迹模板"特有分子空间的孔穴通道结构;机体内及中药成分与中医经络脏腑是通过超分子孔穴通道的"印迹模板"而产生相互作用。当小分子与经络脏腑产生印迹作用时,相当于人体在心脏搏血推动下,客体小分子物质在经络脏腑主体大分子的印迹模板通道按"气析"进行迁移,宏观表现出中医所述经络脏腑对小分子作用的各向异性,亦脏象;当中药成分与经络脏腑"印迹模板"通道产生作用时,宏观上表现出中药药性与药效规律。因此,中医药基础理论特殊的表达形式正是基于机体内各种分子群与经络脏腑孔穴的"印迹模板"能否匹配性地产生"气析"作用的规律宏观表达,宜用超分子化学进行诠释。中药作用的物质基础是基于包括单分子在内的超分子群混合物;中药复方配伍能显著性地改变这一"印迹模板"作用规律。在进行中医药基础理论研究时,应特别重视超分子的作用规律,这是中医药理论区别于基于单分子特征作用规律所建立的现代医学最为本质的地方。

The paper aimed to elucidate the specific impact of supramolecular chemistry on the Chinese medicine theories （CMT） in their modernization, after had summarized up the research status of supramolecular chemistry and analyzed the possible su- pramolecular forms of Chinese medicine（CM） , as well as considered the problems in modernization of CM theories. On comparison of the classical chemistry that deh with chemical bonds among atoms, the supramolecular chemistry was rather concerned with varietes of weak noncovalent bonds intermolecules, and reflected the macro-apparent chemical properties of each molecules, and was the most ap- propriate chemical theories to explain the CMT and microcosmic materials. The molecules in the human body and Chinese material mediea（CMM） formed supramolecules by way of self-assembly, self-organization, self-recognition and self-replication, with themselves or with complexation, composition, chelation, inclusion, neutralization etc. Meridian and Zang-fu viscera in CMT might be a space channel structure continuously consisted of unique molecules cavity that was imprinted with the supramolecularly template inside and outside of cells, through which the molecules in CMM interacted with the meridian and Zang-fu viscera. When small molecules in hu- man body imprinted with macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, in other words, they migrated along within imprinting chan- nels of meridian and Zang-fu viscera on behavior of ＂Qi chromatography＂ impulsed by the heart beat, finally showed up on macroscopic the anisotropy of tissue and organ, as described namely as visceral manifestation in Chinese medical science. When small molecules in CMM interacted with imprinting channel on meridian and Zang-fu viscera, the natural properties and efficacy regularities of CMM was reflected on macroscopic. Therefore, the special representation forms of basic CMT is based on the macroscopic expression of ＂Qi chro- matography＂ abided by imprinting effect regularities, and on whether the imprinted template of small molecules matched with cavity template of macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, only is the adequate representation of supramolecular chemistry for them. The CMM materials is the mixture including single molecules and supramolecules. The compatibility for CM prescriptions can signifi- cantly change the function rules. Therefore in the study of basic CMT, we should pay special attention to the laws of suprarnolecular chemistry. It is the most essential differences of the CMT from the modern medicine which established by the laws of single molecular theories.