相对技术差异对贸易结构的影响有多大?

How Large is the Impact of Relative Technological Differences on Trade Structure?

对李嘉图相对优势理论的检验是指从经验上研究相对技术差异对贸易结构的影响有多大。Costinot、Donaldson和Komunjer开创性地建立了具有坚实理论基础的计量检验模型,并对李嘉图理论进行了经验验证。文章旨在拓展Costinot、Donaldson和Komunjer的研究样本,将发展中新兴大国加入进去,并增加产业种类,重新研究相对技术差异对贸易结构的影响程度。研究结果表明,相对技术差异对贸易结构具有重要的影响作用,但其正向影响要小于已有文献的估计,甚至出现了抑制贸易结构的情形。

The test of Ricardo＇s theory of comparative advantage is to empirically study the impact of relative technological differences on trade structure. Costinot et al. creatively builds an econometrical test model that has a solid theoretical foundation, and then makes a corresponding empirical study on Ricardo＇ s theory. The paper aims to expand the research sample of Costinot et al. such as adding emerging economies into the sample, and expanding the kind of industries. The result is that, relative technological differences are an important determinant of trade structure. However, the impact is not as large as the previous literature＇ s results. Besides, it may even suppress trade structure.