长期有机无机肥配施下红壤性稻田水稻产量及土壤有机碳变化特征

Effects of long-term organic manure and inorganic fertilizer combined application on rice yield and soil organic carbon content in reddish paddy fields

利用中国农业科学院红壤实验站红壤稻田长期定位试验,研究了长期有机无机肥配施下双季稻增产潜力和土壤有机碳变化特征。31年的试验结果表明,1)施肥能促进水稻早晚稻稻谷和地上部产量增加,其中,有机肥配施均衡的NPK处理促进作用最大,NPKM处理下稻谷年均产量比NPM、NKM、PKM、M和NPK分别高5.8%、10.9%、16.2%、15.9%和20.4%。2)施肥能促进水稻土有机碳含量增加,其中,有机肥配施均衡的NPK处理提升效果最为明显,NPKM处理下所测年度土壤有机碳平均含量比NPM、NKM、PKM、M和NPK分别高出2.5%、3.5%、2.0%、0.6%和32.8%。3)随着试验的进行,单施有机肥对早、晚稻稻谷和地上部产量的促进效果逐步优于单施化肥氮、磷、钾处理(NPK),对土壤有机碳的提升效果也明显优于单施化肥氮、磷、钾。红壤性稻田双季稻生产实践中,有机无机肥配施模式值得推荐,但需均衡配施化肥氮、磷、钾。

An investigation was made in a double-rice paddy field in the Red Soil Field Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to study yield potential of double cropping rice and change of soil organic carbon after 31- year combined application of organic manure （M） and chemical fertilizer （NPK） with the same application rates of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, and potassium （K） contained in organic manure and chemical fertilizer. The fertilization can promote yields and shoot biomasses of rice, and the combined application of organic manure and balanced fertilization of N, P, and K （NPKM） has the largest effect on them. Compared to the NPM, NKM, PKM, M and NPK treatments, the annual average rice yield of the NPKM treatment is increased by 5.8%, 10.9% , 16. 2% , 15.9% and 20.4% respectively. The fertilization can increase soil organic carbon content, the combined application of organic manure and balanced fertilization of N, P, and K （NPKM） can make the effect most obvious, and compared to the NPM, NKM, PKM, M and NPK treatments, the average soil organic carboncontent of the NPKM treatment in the determination years is increased by 2.5%, 3.5%, 2. 0%, 0. 6% and 32.8% respectively. Compared to the only application of chemical fertilizer, the application of organic fertilizer has the stepwise effect of increasing rice yields and has the obvious effect of increasing soil organic carbon contents. The mode of combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer should be recommended in double-rice red soil paddy fields with balanced applications of inorganic NPK fertilizers.