利用废旧棉纤维制备碳材料的工艺与机理研究

Technical research and mechanism on the preparation of carbon materials from waste cotton fibre

本文以废旧棉纤维为碳源，采用水热法在高温高压的环境下制备碳纳米材料。通过单因素实验考察了反应温度及反应时间对产物碳化的影响，采用扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射仪及红外光谱仪对所得碳材料的微观形貌和表面生成的官能团进行表征与测试。结果表明：棉纤维水热碳化的起始温度为240℃。最佳碳化温度为300℃C。当T=300℃时，延长反应时间碳化产物的形貌趋于球状，但反应时间过长时，产物粘结较严重；经水热碳化制备的碳材料表面含有大量的羟基、羰基和羧基等官能团。

In this paper, waste cotton fibers were used as carbon source. The carbon nanomaterials were prepared in the environment of high temperature and high pressure by hydrothermal method. The effects of the reaction temperature and reaction time on the product of carbonation were discussed sin- gle factor experiments in this paper. The surface morphology and functional groups of the resulting car- bon materials were charactered and tested by scanning electron microscopy, X -ray diffraction and in- frared spectroscopy. The results imicate that ： the starting temperature of cellulose hydrothermal carbona- tion was 240℃. Best carbonization temperature was 300℃. When T = 300℃, the morphology of spherical carbonized product tends to prolong with the reaction time increasing, but product is bond-ed more severe when the reaction time is too long. There were the hydroxy - carbonyl group and carboxyl group on the surface of the carbon material prepared by hydrothermal carbonization.