1950年代以来日本城市地理学进展与展望

Progress of Japanese Urban Geogra- phy after the 1950＇s and New Direc- tions

本文以10年为周期,对1950年代以来日本城市地理学的研究成果进行了逐段整理,归纳了各时期相关研究的动向及成果,并在此基础上对21世纪日本城市地理学的研究方向进行了展望。日本＂二战＂后1950～1970年代经历了一个城市化迅速发展的时期,尤以三大都市圈（特别是东京圈）以及地方中心城市的扩张最为引人注目。受此影响,关于大都市圈及地方中心城市的研究开始活跃。这些研究秉承功能地域论的观点,将城市作为功能分化但又相互关联的系统,其研究成果主要集中在城市空间结构和城市体系两个方面。1970年代,计量分析和行为方法开始出现;1980年代,大都市圈结构变化的研究和全球城市的研究开始兴起;1990年代,则出现了对亚洲城市化的研究以及着眼于居民日常行为的时间地理学研究;近年,日本城市人口由增加转为减少,又带来新的城市结构变化和新的城市问题。关于少子老龄化以及经济低迷背景下的城市更新再生的研究受到关注。应对这些相关课题的研究,将成为今后日本城市地理学发展的方向。

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of urban geogra- phy in Japan in the latter half of the 20th century, and to discuss the directions of Japanese urban geography towards the future. Japan had experienced remark- able urbanization from the 19508 to the 1970s. This time period was mainly cha- racterized both by the rapid expansion of three largest metropolitan areas, espe- cially the Tokyo metropolitan area, and by the marked growth of the regional central cities in provincial areas. There- fore, the researches on these two phe- nomena became active during the 19508 and the 1960s. In addition, these resear- ches had been conducted from the per- spective of functional region, in which the metropolitan areas and group of cities were recognized respectively as one sys- terru Then, the quantitative analysis and the behavioral science approach were in- troduced and established in the 1970s. Subsequently, many attentions were paid to the structural change such as muttinucleation of the metropolitan area in the 1980s. Studies on world cities by Japa- nese urban geographers during that time are worthy of special mention. During the next decade, both the researches on Asian urbanization after the latter half of the 1980s from viewpoints of FDI and new middle class, and the studies on so- cial space of cities captured from resi- dents＇ daily behaviors using the time-geo- graphy concept can be regarded as a new trend of urban geography in Japan. Fur- thermore, the problems of urban revita- lization surfaced significantly under the circumstances of declining birthrates, growing elderly populations and economic recession in Japan. Contrary to urban geo- graphical studies in Japan that focused very much on the urban expansion process during the 20th century, the re- search in the 21st century should rather discuss the scale-down process of cities. Moreover, presenting urban models to sustain vitalities of the cities is an impor- tant roles expected for the Japanese ur- ban geographers. Monitoring continuous- ly of the trends in cities and examining repeatedly of the transformations are es- sential to achieve this.