略论《朱子语类》的语料价值

Investigation on the Value of the Language Materials of Zhu Zi Yu Lei

（《朱子语类》是师生即时问答的书面记录，叠置着历史上各个时期传承下来的不同历史层次的词语，现存各传本间反映的后人改动又在某种程度上提供了前后相近的几个时间点上语言变或未变的珍贵线索，藉袋朱子语类》的语料既可考察“言语意义←→语言意义”、“口语←→书面语”的动态演变和汉语文白转型由量变到质变此消彼长的线索，又可探索朱熹和门人弟子在课堂讨论中所用文言雅词与通俗白话相融合的价值取向，揭示汉语词汇系统古今演变的发展趋势以及精英文化和平民文化在社会交际中“趋雅←→趋俗”相融互补由古典形态走向现代形态的新旧交替规律，在古籍整理与研究、汉语词汇史研究、语文辞书编纂与修订以及理学研究、朱子学研究、宋史研究和思想文化研究等方方面面都有重要的学术价值。

Zhu Zi Yu Lei is the records of questions and answers between the teacher, Zhu Xi, and his students which contains vocabulary inherited from different periods in the history. To a certain extent, the revisions in different editions by the later generations provide the valuable clue of the changes and the changelessness of languages in the near time. We can investigate not only the development between the meanings of spoken languages and the meanings of languages, spoken languages and written languages, but also the hint of the transition from the classical Chinese to the vernacular Chinese. We can make a thorough inquiry into the acceptance of the classical Chinese languages and the vernacular Chinese languages used between Zhu Xi and his students in the class which reveals the tendency of the development of the Chinese vocabulary system, the law of the transition of the development from the classical form to the modem form through the blend and complementary between the upper cultures and the lower cultures in the social functions and the important values in different areas such as the collation and study of classical documents, the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary, the compilation and of re-edition of dictionaries, the study of Zhu Xi, the study of the history of Song dynasty, the study of ideas and cultures.