宋以后第三人称代词“伊”、“渠”的演化——兼与王力先生《汉语语法史》商榷

Talk about the Evolvement of the Third Pronoun ＂Yi＂ and ＂Qu＂ after Song Dynasty --A Discuss of The History of Chinese Grammar Written by Mr. Wang Li

王力先生（《汉语语法史》对第三人称代词“伊”、“渠”的分析值得商榷。本文结合宋、明、清时期的一些语言现象，对王力先生的说法加以修正，分口语、浅近文言和正式书面语言三个方面来考察“伊”、“渠”演变成“他”的历史时期。其实，在浅近文言中，“他”于明代中期完全取代了。伊”、“渠”的语法地位，口语中的这个替代应该更早，而在正式书面语言中，宋、元、明时期一直使用的“渠”在清代被“伊”代替，“伊”到新文化运动时才被“他”代替。本文还提出，汉语史研究中语料的选择，要兼顾口语、浅近文言和正式书面语言三个方面。

The analysis of the third pronoun ＂Yi＂ （伊） and ＂Qu＂ （渠） in the History of Chinese Grammar, which written by Mr. Wang Li is debatable. Combining with some language phenomena in Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, this article correct the viewpoint of Mr. Wang Li, classify oral Chinese, simple classical Chinese, formal classical Chinese three aspects to study ＂Yi＂ （伊） and ＂Qu＂ （渠） .Actually, in simple classical Chinese, ＂Yi＂ （伊 ） and ＂Qu＂ （ 渠 ） were completely replaced by ＂Ta＂ （他） in mid-Ming Dynasty, and it was more earlier in oral Chinese; and in formal classical Chinese, the Song-Yuan-Ming period has been use of ＂Qu＂ （ 渠 ） was instead of ＂Yi＂ （伊） in Qing Dynasty; ＂Yi＂ （伊） was replaced by ＂Ta＂ （他） in the New Culture Movement. This article also put forward that the research of Chinese history, must give consideration to oral Chinese, simple classical Chinese, formal classical Chinese three aspects.