历史语法学中的一个悖论与古代汉语的双宾语结构

A Paradox in Diachronic Syntax and the Double Object Construction in Ancient Chinese

以某一端事物的特征为内涵提出一个概念，再以此概念去称呼另一端的事物，通常是历史语法学在进行历史演变研究时所采用的做法，但是这一做法有可能会使研究面临“不能两次踏进同一条河流”的困境。以汉语双宾语结构的历史演变研究来说，古代汉语双宾语结构的界定就面临了此种尴尬。面对这个问题，将研究对象从以往单纯的句法范畴升级为句法一语义范畴是一个有效的解决方法。采用此方法带来的另一个有重要意义的改变是使历史演变研究的上限提前至未形之时。

In the study of diachronic syntax, researchers often put forward a concept basing on the characteristics of phenomenon at one end and apply this concept to define phenomenon at the other end. However, this may bring about troubles that make the study ＂cannot step into the same river twice＂. Taking the study of diachronic change of Chinese double object construction as an example, it is discovered that defining the double object construction in ancient Chinese is quite difficult. In order to solve this problem~ it is helpful to take syntactic-semantic category as the object of study instead of syntactic category. Another important improvement that this method could bring about is the early end of diachronic change can be advanced to the time when the phenomenon has not come into being.