吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验与血清特异性IgE抗体检测的比较研究

Comparative study on skin prick test and serum specific IgE antibody test in the inhalant allergen

目的探讨皮肤点刺试验（SPT）与血清特异性IgE（sIgE）检测结果的相关性,比较两种检测方法阳性检出率。方法选择2013年7~10月在该科确诊的103例变应性鼻炎（AR）患者,尘螨组合（屋尘螨和粉尘螨）SPT阳性,和/或艾蒿SPT阳性。检测所有患者的血清sIgE抗体水平,分析血清sIgE级别与SPT级别和风团直径的相关性,并比较两种检测方法的阳性检出率。结果尘螨血清sIgE级别与SPT级别之间呈明显正相关（rs=0.445,P=0.000）,与风团直径之间也呈明显正相关（rs=0.507,P=0.000）。艾蒿血清sIgE级别与SPT级别之间呈显著正相关（rs=0.520,P=0.000）,与风团直径之间也呈显著正相关（rs=0.603,P=0.000）。AR患者尘螨SPT阳性检出率为73.79%,尘螨sIgE阳性检出率为62.14%,二者差异有显著性（χ2=4.654,P=0.031）。艾蒿SPT阳性检出率为38.8%,艾蒿sIgE阳性检出率为28.16%,二者差异有显著性（χ2=4.349,P=0.035）。结论尘螨和艾蒿SPT阳性检出率明显高于血清sIgE阳性检出率。SPT与sIgE显著正相关,SPT级别越高sIgE级别也越高。SPT应为首选检测方法,血清sIgE适用于不能进行SPT检测或SPT阴性的患者。

【Objective】To analyze the association between skin prick test（SPT） and serum specific IgE（sIgE）, and to compare their positive rates. 【Methods】A total of 103 patients with allergic rhinitis（AR） were enrolled. Their SPT were all positive either to dermatophagoides（Der p and Der f） or mugwort. The serum sIgE antibody levels were detected in all patients. The correlations between levels of sIgE and grades of SPT and correlations between grades of sIgE and the wheal diameter were analyzed. The positive rates of the two methods were compared.【Results】There was a significant positive correlation between serum sIgE level and SPT grades of dermatophagoides（rs= 0.445, P =0.000）, and the wheal diameter also showed a positive correlation（rs=0.507, P =0.000）. There was a significant positive correlation between serum sIgE levels and SPT grades of mugwort（rs=0.520, P =0.000）, and the wheal diameter also showed significant positive correlation（rs=0.603, P =0.000）. The dermatophagoides positive rate of SPT was 73.79%, and the dermatophagoides positive rate of sIgE was 62.14%. There was significant difference between results of the two methods（χ2=4.654, P =0.031）. The mugwort SPT positive rate was 38.8%, and the mugwort positive rate of sIgE was 28.16%. There was significant difference between results of the two methods（χ2= 4.349, P =0.035）.【Conclusion】The positive rate of SPT was significantly higher than that of serum sIgE. The result of SPT was significantly correlated with that sIgE. The higher SPT grades the higher levels of sLgE. SPT should be the first choice for allergen test.Serum sIgE should be used when SPT was not suit or negative.