分子生物学技术在水环境微生物研究中的应用

Applications of Molecular Biology Techniques on Studies of Water Environmental Microbial Diversity

简述了核酸杂交技术、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增技术、分子指纹技术和克隆基因文库技术4种分子生物学技术,综述了4种技术在海洋、湖泊、河流和其它水生态系统中微生物多样性的研究进展,研究内容大致可分为三个方向:一是人类活动对水环境微生物多样性的影响;二是种群结构和污染之间的规律;三是菌株的筛选和利用,使人们可以在水环境保护、治理过程中变得更加高效、有的放矢。

This article introduces four kinds of molecular biology technique including nucleic acid hybridization, polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification, molecular fingerprint and clone gene library technology, and summarizes the four techniques＇ research progress of microbial diversity in different water environment such as the oceans, lakes, rivers and other water ecological systems. And then it discusses the research content which can be divided into three aspects： the influence of human activities on water environmental microbial diversity; the relationship between community structure and pollution; the utilization and screening of bacterial strain. Based on the research, it can make the environmental protection and water treatment more efficient and targeted.