水质基准本土环节动物与水生昆虫受试生物筛选

Screening of Native Annelids and Aquatic insects for Deriving Aquatic Life Criteria

作为水环境质量评价体系中重要的指示生物类别,水生环节动物和水生昆虫是水生生物基准研究中不可或缺的基准受试生物.参照美国水生生物基准技术指南,选择我国广泛分布的10种本土环节动物和水生昆虫,搜集、筛选对各水生物种毒性最大的3种污染物,并进行水生生物敏感性分析.在污染物毒性数据的物种敏感度分布中,若物种的累积概率小于30%则为较敏感,该物种可作为基准研究受试生物.结果表明:不同生物对污染物敏感性存在差异,颤蚓对有机锡化合物、重金属,苏氏尾鳃蚓对重金属均较敏感;仙女虫、黄翅蜻、四节蜉、扁蜉对各类农药均较敏感;尾盘虫能够在一定程度上指示表面活性剂污染状况.因此,环节动物颤蚓属、尾鳃蚓属、尾盘虫属、仙女虫属,水生昆虫黄翅蜻属、四节蜉属及扁蜉属均可作为水质基准研究中的受试生物.

Recently a series of systematic studies on water quality criteria （WQC） were conducted in China. Screening of test organisms is important for development of WQC. Annelids and aquatic insects are major components of the benthic ecosystem, and indispensable test organisms for derivation of WQC. According to the water quality criteria derivation guidelines of the US EPA, toxicity data of ten species of Annelids and aquatic insects widely distributed in China were collected and screened. A list of three most toxic pollutants to the organism was obtained through data analysis. The species sensitivities of these pollutants were analyzed through species sensitivity ranking. According to the species sensitivity distribution of the pollutants, the species could be regarded as test organisms of criteria, when their cumulative probabilities were less than 30% , The results showed that the species sensitivities were different when exposed to various pollutants. Tubifex tubiJex were most sensitive to organotin compounds and copper; Branchiura sowerbyi were most sensitive to heavy metals; Nais sp. , Brachythemis contaminate, Baetis rhodani and Heptagenia sulphurea were most sensitive to pesticides; Dero sp. Were most sentive to surfactant and some heavy metals. In conclusion, Tubifex, Branchiura, Dero, Nais, Brachythemis, Baetis and Heptagenia could are ideal species of Annelids and aquatic insects in WQC studies.