口腔颌面部外伤发生窒息患者的护理干预

Nursing Intervention of Patients with Asphyxia Caused by Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma

目的总结我院20例因为口腔颌面部外伤入院的患者发生窒息时的急救配合以及护理干预。方法对2011年全年,本院成功抢救的20例颌面部外伤并发窒息的患者急救配合和护理干预进行分析。结果由于口腔颌面部位置突出,受伤的机会相对较大,颌面部结构复杂,颌面诸骨中腔窦较多,血供丰富。呼吸道、消化道的开口均分布于此,又紧邻颅脑,故当颌面部受伤时,很容易出现骨组织受肌肉牵拉而移位,阻塞呼吸道,若口、鼻中血凝块等污物不及时清除也会影响呼吸道通畅,危及生命。结论对颌面部外伤的患者,及时评估伤情及呼吸道情况,据不同类型的窒息采取相应的治疗措施。准确安放患者体位,确保呼吸道通畅,可及时解除窒息,并做好原发损伤急救的配合,明显提高颌面外伤发生窒息患者的生存率,减少并发症,促进愈合。

Objective To summarize the first aid and nursing intervention of 20 cases of patients with asphyxia caused by oral and maxillofacial trauma in our hospital.Methods In 2011, the first aid and nursing intervention of the 20 successfully rescued cases with asphyxia caused by oral and maxillofacial trauma in our hospital were analyzed.Results Because of the prominent location of o-ral and maxillofacial region, the chance of injury is relatively large.The maxillofacial structure is complex, with more cavity sinus in the maxillofacial bones, and the bone blood supply is rich.The openings of the respiratory tract and digestive tract are distributed in the region, which is adjacent to the head.Therefore, when the maxillofacial is injured, bone tissue displacement occurs easily by muscle stretch, which causes the obstruction of respiratory tract.If the oral and nasal blood clots can not be cleaned timely, the respiratory tract will also be affected, which is life-threatening.Conclusion For patients with maxillofacial trauma, the timely assessment of se-verity and respiratory condition is necessary, and corresponding treatment according to different types of asphyxia should be taken.Pa-tients should be placed accurately to ensure that the respiratory tract is unobstructed, which can relieve asphyxia timely.First aid of primary damage should be made, which can improve the survival rate of the patients with asphyxia caused by oral and maxillofacial trauma, reduce complications and promote healing.