崛起·抗衡·互构——社会行动理论之走向探讨

Grow-up · Contention · Interconstruction——The Theoretical Direction of Social Actions

结构和行动的较量一直是社会学研究的重点。社会学发展的早期是结构的天下,但韦伯的理解行动论和齐美尔的形式行动论成为行动崛起的原动力;现代社会学理论呈现的是理论分崩离析的局面。符号互动论和现象学社会学不满结构功能主义的傲慢,开始了行动和结构的抗衡;后帕森斯时代一直在做现代理论学派间的织补和融合,哈贝马斯的"沟通行动论"和吉登斯的"结构二重性"成为行动和结构综合的调节器,从而实现了结构和行动动态的互构局面。但是,当今社会行动者陷入"主体性"迷失的困境又使得人们再次反思结构和行动的关系。

Sociological study has always focused on the competition between the structure and action. The classical period was the world of structure, but the comprehension of Weber＇ s action theory and the form of Simmel＇ s action theory became the driving force behind the rise of action ; Modern sociological theory shows that the situation of this theory has become disintegrated. Symbolic interactionism and phenomenological sociology are dissatisfied with the arrogance of structure functionalism, and start to present challenges to structure and action ; The post-Parsons era has been reweaving and integrating the Modern theories of sociology, and Habermas ＂communication action theory＇ and Giddens＇ ＂duality of structure＂ have converted into a regulator of structure and action, so that structure and action present a dynamic mutual construction situation. However, the predicament of the lost of ＂subjectivity＂ in today＇s society makes people retrospect the relationship between the structure and action.