蜘蛛香提取物的药理学研究

Study on the pharmacology from two extracts of Valeriana jatamansi

目的评价蜘蛛香的黄酮类提取物和缬草三酯提取物的药效。方法采用热板法、醋酸扭体法研究提取物的镇痛作用;炭末法、家兔离体肠肌研究提取物对胃肠运动的影响;高架十字迷宫和明暗箱用于研究提取物抗焦虑实验。结果在给药60、120 min时黄酮低剂量对提高小鼠痛阈值具有一定作用(P<0.05),总黄酮中、高剂量均能显著提高小鼠痛阈值(P<0.01),缬草三酯各给药组对小鼠热刺激致痛的抑制作用不显著,总黄酮提取物高剂量能显著延长扭体反应的潜伏期和减少醋酸所致的小鼠扭体次数(P<0.01),缬草三酯提取物各剂量的作用不显著(P>0.05);黄酮提取物中、高剂量和缬草三酯提取物高剂量都能显著增加小肠炭末的推进率(P<0.01),黄酮提取物高剂量对家兔离体肠肌均有显著的舒张作用(P<0.01),缬草三酯高剂量对离体肠肌具有一定的舒张作用(P<0.05);蜘蛛香总缬草三酯提取物高剂量能显著增加小鼠进入开臂次数与进入各臂总次数的百分比(OE)、在开臂内的活动时间与进入各臂的总活动时间的百分比(OT)值(P<0.01),中、高剂量可明显增加小鼠穿箱次数和明箱活动时间(P<0.01),而总黄酮提取物各剂量对增加小鼠穿箱次数和明箱活动时间作用不显著。结论蜘蛛香的总黄酮类成分是镇痛、改善胃肠运动的主要成分,缬草三酯类成分是抗焦虑药效的主要成分。

OBJECTIVE To study on the pharmacology from flavonoids extracts and valepotriates extracts of Valerianae jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix（VJ）. METHODS Analgesic experiment based on Hot - plate and acetic acid writhing test was used. Effects of extracts on gastrointestinal stimulatory activity were used by carbon powder propulsion in small intestine and the rabbit＇ s intestine in vitro. Elevated plus - maze model and Light - dark Box model were applied to Antidepressant and anxiolytic effect. RESULTS Flavonoids extract in low dosage could slightly increase the pain threshold in mice after administering 60 min and 120 min（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Flavonoids extracts in the moderate and high dosage could increase obviously pain threshold in mice （ P 〈 0.01 ）, valepotriates extract in any dosage have little effect on analgesic of mice induced by hot plate（ P 〉 0.05 ） , Flavonoids extract was used in high dosage groups had significant anti - inflammation effect and could reduce the body torsion induced by acetic acid（ P 〈 0.01 ）. Effects of valepotriates extract were not obvious （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Flavonoids extracts in the moderate and high dosage and alepotriates extracts in high dosage could increase obviously carbon powder propulsion ratio and enhance intestinal muscles activity, Flavonoids extracts in high dosage had obvi- ous effects on excursive intestines flesh experimentation of rabbits （P 〈 0.01 ）, butvalepotriates extract in high dosage played a part in the test. Valepotriates extracts in high dosage could significant increase OT and OE value, and raise time and frequency in Light - dark Box.Flavonoids extracts in any dosage had no obvious effects in Light - dark Box（P 〉 0.05 ）. CONCLUSION Flavonoid constituents of VJ are the main ingredient of analgesic and can improve gastrointestinal motility, valepotriates is the main ingredient of anti - anxiety effect.