论比例原则在国际海洋划界中的功能与缺陷--基于国际司法裁决的考量

The Function of Proportionality in Maritime Delimitation and Its Limits: Some Reflections on the Jurisprudence of International Courts and Tribunals

根据国际司法裁决,比例原则在海洋划界中的功能可以归纳为两个层面:一是构成调整临时海洋边界线的"相关情况";二是作为海洋划界结果公平性检验的标准。中国有着较长的海岸线,因此在按照公平原则处理与周边邻国的海洋划界纠纷时,比例原则将发挥重要作用。但是,国际司法裁决并没有阐明需要调整临时海洋边界线的"海岸线长度差异"的判断标准,以及成比例检验出现"重大比例失衡"的检验标准,国际司法机构在此方面拥有很大的自由裁量权。因此,为克服比例原则适用时的主观性问题,未来的国际司法裁决不妨适当引入量化标准,以确保海洋划界结果的公平性和可预测性。

In accordance with the jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals, the role of proportionality in maritime delimitation can be summarized as two aspects ： first, it constitutes one of the i relevant circumstances＇ necessary to adjust the provisional delimitation line ; second, it plays a certain role in the ＇ proportionality test＇ stage as a verification of equity. Therefore, given its long coastal lines, the proportionality should play a significant role in China＇s settlement of the disputes over maritime boundaries with its neighbors. However, in the case law of international adjudication, there are no criteria which can be utilized to determine the exact degree of the ＇ difference of coastal lengths ＇ calling for adjustment of provisional delimitation lines, or the ＇significant disproportion＇ in the final proportionality test. In contrast, the interna- tional judicial bodies themselves enjoy great discretion. Therefore, with an aim to overcome the problem of subjectivity, in- teroational adjudication in the future may introduce more quantitative criteria so as to improve the legal certainty in the field of maritime delimitation.