土壤类型和有机无机肥配施比例对烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Soil Types and Application Ratio of Organic-inorganic Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

[目的]为探讨土壤类型和有机无机肥配施比例对烟叶产质量的影响。[方法]2013年,通过田间试验研究了3种云南典型植烟土壤条件下(紫色土、红壤和水稻土)3种有机无机肥配施比例(100%无机肥、80%无机肥和60%无机肥)对烤烟生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。[结果]水稻土在农艺性状和初烤烟叶产量、产值表现上较优于另2种土壤,而红壤和紫色土中上部初烤烟叶化学品质好于水稻土;有机无机肥配施比例对烟叶产质量的影响因土壤类型而异。在紫色土和红壤条件下,与单施无机肥相比,有机无机肥配施不利于烤烟生长发育及烟叶产量、产值的形成。在水稻土条件下,与单施无机肥相比,有机无机肥配施促进了烤烟生长发育、烟叶产量和产值的形成。有机无机肥配施对协调烟叶烟碱含量和提高烟叶石油醚提取物含量有较好的促进作用,且随着有机肥配施比例的增加而效应越明显。[结论]土壤类型对烟叶产质量的影响较大。无机肥在一定程度上配以有机肥施用对初烤烟叶品质有一定的提升作用。如何协调好有机无机配施在保障烟叶产量和改善烟叶品质两者之间的作用,仍需进一步研究。

[ Objective] To study effects of soil types and application ratio of organic-inorganic fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [ Method] A field experiment was carred out to study the effects of 3 soll types （ purple soil, red soil and paddy soil） and 3 applica- tion ratio of organic-inorganic fertilizer （ 100% inorganic fertilizer, 80% inorganic fertilizer and 60% inorganic fertilizer） on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [ Result] The yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco of paddy soil was better than the other soll types, while chemical quality of the middle and upper leaves in the red soil and purple soil were better than that in the paddy soil. The effects of application ratio of organic-inorganic fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco varied with soil types. In purple soil and red soil, tobacco growth, yield and quality were better in the single inorganic fertilizer than that in the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer. In paddy soil, tobacco growth, yield and quality were better in the combined application of organic-lnorganic fertilizer than that in the single inor- ganic fertilizer. The combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer promoted the nicotine and petroleum ether extract, and became more obvious with the increasing ratio of organic fertilizer. [ Conclusion] The soil type had great influence on the yield and quality of flue-cured to- bacco. Combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers to some extent promoted the quality of tobacco, while the coordination between promo- tion of tobacco yield security and tobacco leaf quality with combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer is to be further studied.