上海虹桥机场雷暴观测的统计分析

Observed Data of Thunderstorms in Shanghai Hongqiao Airport

利用上海虹桥机场1986～2008年的雷暴观测资料,分析了虹桥机场雷暴日数、雷暴时数和雷暴持续时间的长期变化特征.结果表明,1986～2008年虹桥机场的雷暴日数和雷暴时数呈现先缓慢下降后迅速上升的变化趋势,2000年左右是转折点;雷暴主要发生在夏季（65.95％）和春季（23.36％）,其发生具有明显的日变化特征和季节差异,夏季雷暴主要发生在午后到上半夜,而春季雷暴主要出现在夜间,这与不同季节雷暴的促发机制有关.利用雷暴持续时间度量雷暴强度,发现持续时间为0～1和1～2h的雷暴发生频数最多,不同强度的雷暴均集中在夏季发生,统计时段内最长的一次雷暴过程持续时间达12.5 h.

Observed data of thunderstorms in Shanghai Hongqiao Airport from 1986 to 2008 was used to analyze changes of rainstorm days, hours, and duration in Hongqiao Airport. The results showed that rainstorm days and hours declined slowly and then increased fast from 1986 to 2008, and the year of 2000 was the turning point. Thunderstorms occur mostly in summer （65.95 % ） and spring （23.36%）, showing ob- vious daily changes and seasonal differences; summer thunderstorms occur mainly in the afternoon and before midnight, while spring thunder- storms at night, which depends on the rainstorm promotion mechanism. Duration and intensity of thunderstorm was analyzed, and it was found that most thmuterstorms lasts for 0 - 1 h, 1 - 2 h, thunderstorms of different intensity are concentrated in summer. Within the study period, the longest thunderstorm lasts for 12.5 h.