植物多糖类复合制剂对冬小麦产量及物质转运的影响

Effects of plant polysaccharides-containing compound agents on yield and matter accumulation and transportation of winter wheat

在大田栽培条件下,采用生物质多糖(P1)、生物质多糖和5-氨基乙酰丙酸复配(P2),以及生物质多糖、5-氨基乙酰丙酸和缩节胺为有效成分复配(P3)的3种不同制剂,研究在冬小麦始花期叶面喷施制剂对其产量构成、蔗糖、可溶性总糖、干物质贮运以及氮磷养分累积与转移的影响.结果表明:喷施3种制剂使冬小麦穗粒数和千粒重增加,增产8.5%以上;喷施20 d内,小麦旗叶蔗糖含量较对照明显增加;喷施P1和P3使小麦籽粒可溶性糖含量分别比对照增加4.5%和11.0%.P3增加了小麦花后干物质及氮磷养分累积量,分别较对照增加48.5%、116.9%和18.1%,P3还显著提高了小麦花后干物质及养分累积对产量的贡献,但花前养分向籽粒转移对产量的贡献小于其他处理.小麦增产与植物多糖类复合制剂有效调控营养器官光合产物输出、籽粒可溶性糖积累,以及促进花后干物质和氮磷养分累积有关.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar spraying of three kinds of compound agents [ plant polysaccharides （ P1 ） , plant polysaccharides plus 5-aminolevulinic acid （P2）, and plant polysaccharides plus 5-aminolevulinic acid and dimethylpiperidinium chloride （ P3 ） ~ at the initial flowering stage of winter wheat on its yield components, sucrose content, solu- ble sugar content, the accumulation and translocation of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. The grain number per spike and kilo-grains mass of winter wheat increased with the spray of the com- pound agents. The grain yield increased by more than 8.5 % compared with the control. Within 20 days after spraying the three compound agents, the sucrose content of flag leaf had an obvious in- crease. Compared with the control, P~ and P3 increased the soluble sugar content by more than 4.5% and 11.0%, respectively. P3 enhanced the accumulations of post-anthesis dry matter, nitro- gen and phosphorus by 48.5%, 116.9% and 18. 1%, respectively. Correspondingly, contribu- tions of accumulated post-anthesis dry matter and nutrient to grain yield increased significantly. Whereas, the contribution of translocated pre-anthesis nutrient to grain yield in P3 treatment was smaller than in the other treatments. The high yield of winter wheat was related to the regulation of Photosynthetic product supply in vegetative organ, the increased soluble sugar content in grain, and the accumulation of post-anthesis dry matter and nutrient regulated by the plant polysaccharides- containing compound agent.