苏南经济快速发展地区人类活动生态风险评价——以镇江市丹徒区为例

Ecological risk assessment of human activity of rapid economic development regions in southern Jiangsu,China:A case study of Dantu District of Zhenjiang City

为加强苏南经济快速发展地区的生态系统管理,防范与降低区域生态风险,以镇江市丹徒区为例,以2000、2005年ETM和2010年TM遥感数据为基础,基于景观指数构造评价区域生态风险的量化指标,利用地统计学方法,分析景观生态风险时空变化特征.结果表明:2000—2010年,研究区林地、湿地、水域等自然景观类型破碎化程度加深、分散程度增大,生态损失度呈上升趋势,建设用地不断扩张.2000、2005和2010年,较高以上程度生态风险面积分别占全区总面积的5.7%、9.0%和10.2%,主要分布在平原圩区和丘陵地带.研究期间,生态风险程度由低级别向高级别转换的面积为296.2 km2,占全区总面积的48.0%,生态风险程度仅在局部小范围内有所下降,整体呈上升趋势.区域经济快速发展对景观格局干扰程度加深,生态风险分布空间差异明显.利用临港资源、开发天然湿地、建设工业园区和快速城市化等措施,导致研究区生态风险程度加深、转换速率加快,应及时制定生态风险管理策略.

This article investigated the spatiotemporal variation of landscape ecological risk in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City with statistical method based on the ETM remote sensing data in 2000 and 2005, and the TM remote sensing data in 2010, and quantitative index of regional ecological risk assessment was established with the employment of landscape index, so as to enhance the ecosystem management, prevent and reduce the regional ecological risk in southern Jiangsu with rapid econom- ic development. The results showed that the fragmentations, divergence, and ecological losses of natural landscape types, such as forestland, wetland, waters, etc. , were deteriorated with the ex- pansion of built-up lands from 2000 to 2010. The higher ecological risk zone took up 5.7%, 9.0%, and 10.2% of the whole region in 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively, which mainly dis- tributed in the plain hilly region. During the study period, the area aggravating to the higher ecolog- ical risk zone was approximately 296.2 km2, 48% of the whole region. The ecological risk rose up in most of the region. The interference of rapid economic development to landscape patterns was even more intensive, with obvious spatial differences in ecological risk distribution. The measures of exploiting resources near the port, utilizing natural wetlands, constructing industrial parks, and rapid urbanization, etc. , intensified the ecological risk and accelerated the conversion rate. Promptstrategies should be established to manage the ecological risk of this region.