甲基乙二醛与相关疾病的研究进展

Research advancement of methylglyoxal in related diseases

甲基乙二醛(methylglyoxal,MG)作为糖酵解过程固有的毒性副产物在人体内广泛分布。生理条件下,只有很少的葡萄糖会转变成MG。但在疾病或代谢异常的条件下,体内糖酵解发生异常,导致MG积累超过正常水平。MG作为高反应活性的α-羰基醛,能够与长寿蛋白反应生成晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycosylation end products,AGEs)。同时MG和AGEs均能刺激细胞产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),最终诱发细胞凋亡。MG及其糖化作用与糖尿病、血管病变和神经退行性病变等多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。该文对MG的来源、代谢和毒性进行阐述,并对其近年来在相关疾病中的研究进展进行总结。

Methylglyoxal （ MG） , a toxic by-products of glycoly-sis, is widely distributed in human body. Under physiological conditions, only a little glucose is converted into MG. However, in disease or metabolic abnormalities, abnormal glycolysis causes MG to accumulate higher than the normal level. As high reactiveα-carbonyl aldehydes, MG can react with the long-lived protein to form Advanced Glycosylation End products（AGEs）. MG and AGEs at the same time stimulate the cells to produce Reactive＆amp;nbsp;Oxygen Species （ ROS） and finally induce cell apoptosis. MG and its glycation activity are closely related with the genesis and development of various diseases including diabetes, vascular dis-ease, and neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the sources, metabolism and toxicity of MG, and summarizes the re-search advancement in several related diseases.