甲状腺功能减退症患病因素思考

New thoughts on pathological factors of hypothyroidism

甲状腺功能减退症(简称甲减)是一种常见的内分泌疾病,根据病变发生的部位可分为原发性甲减、中枢性甲减、甲状腺激素抵抗综合征三大类。原发性甲减是由于甲状腺本身疾病引起甲状腺激素的合成和分泌减少导致的功能减退症,占全部甲减的95%以上,多与甲亢同位素或手术治疗、慢性自身免疫性甲状腺炎等有关,随着生活水平的变化和环境因素的改变,一些新的甲减患病因素如碘摄入量的增加、环境污染的加剧、生活和工作压力的增大以及阳光照射不足导致的维生素D缺乏成了不可忽视的致病原因。

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorderthat can be divided into 3 types, primary, central hypothyroidism, and thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. Primary hypothyroidism refers to hormone deficiency caused by intrinsic dysfunction of the thyroid gland that disrupts the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. It accounts for more than 95% of patients with hypothyroidism and frequently associated with radioiodine therapy, surgical resection of thyroid tissue and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. As the transition of life style and environment, some factors includingexcessive intake of iodine, in- creasing environmental pollution, life and work stress, and deficiency of vitamin D caused by insufficient sun exposure should not be ignored.