退耕还林生态补偿研究——成本基础、接受意愿抑或生态价值标准

Research on the Payment for Environmental Services of the ' Grain for Green' Program:Cost Basis,Willingness to Accept or Environmental Values

适宜的生态补偿是退耕还林工程可持续发展的基础。国内外生态补偿标准的理论分析与实践探索表明最低生态补偿应能弥补农户环境参与的全部成本;考虑到生态保护的公平原则,合理的生态补偿标准应包括退耕还林的生态服务价值。本文以重庆万州退耕还林为例,基于农户调研数据,运用成本流、保护拍卖和选择实验法,分别估算了基于农户退耕还林成本、接受意愿和生态环境价值贡献基础上的退耕还林补偿水平。不同补偿原则下的测算结果发现,现有退耕还林农户补贴严重不足。适宜的生态补偿标准是确保退耕还林的生态可持续性的前提,也是政府政策设计应该深入考虑的问题。

Paying farmers for environmental services is the foundation for ensuring the ecological viability of the Grain for Green program.Previous researches on payment for environmental services(PES) indicate that the minimum standard of payment for participating farmers must totally cover their costs and with the consideration of justice and fairness,the reasonable payment should include the environmental values.Based on the survey data from Wanzhou District in Chongqing,methods of cost-flow,auction conservation contract and choice experiment are employed in this paper to measure the farmers' participating costs,willingness to accept(WTA) and the environmental values,respectively,these provides a basis for the policy design of Grain for Green.The results suggest that the policy makers should appropriately raise the payment level to guarantee the ecological viability of Grain for Green.